The Project Gutenberg EBook of Wei Cheng Kung Chien Lu, by Fangching Wang This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Wei Cheng Kung Chien Lu Author: Fangching Wang Release Date: April 25, 2008 [EBook #25161] Language: Chinese Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEI CHENG KUNG CHIEN LU *** Produced by Yan-Qiong Huang 諫詔免租賦又令輸納   太宗初即位,詔關中免二年租賦,關東給復一年。又有敕:「已役已納並遣輸了,明年總為準折。」公諫曰:「臣伏見八月九日詔,率土皆復一年,老幼相歡,式歌且舞在路。又聞有敕,丁巳配役,即令役滿折造;於物亦遣輸了,待至明年,總為準折。道路之人,咸失所望。此誠非平分萬姓,均同七子。然下民難與圖始,日用不知,皆謂國家追悔前言,二三其德。臣竊聞天之所輔者仁,人之所助者信,陛下初膺大寶,億兆觀德,始發大號便有二言,生八表之疑心,失四時之大信。如國有倒懸之急,猶必不可為,況以泰山之安而輒行此事,為陛下為計者,於財利則小益,於德義則大損。臣誠智識淺短,竊為陛下惜之諫簡點中男入軍   簡點使出,右僕射封德彝等並欲令取中男,敕三四出。公執奏不可,德彝重奏稱:「今見簡點使云:『中男內大有壯者。』」太宗怒,乃出敕:「中男雖未十八,身形壯大,亦取。」公又不肯署敕,太宗召公,作色讓之曰:「男若實小,不點入軍;若實大,是其詐妄。依式點取,於理何妨邪如此固執,不解卿意。」公正色曰:「臣聞竭澤而漁,非不得魚,明年無魚;焚林而畋,非不獲獸,明年無獸。若中男以上盡點入軍,租賦雜傜將何取給然比年來,國家衛士,不堪攻戰,豈為其少邪但為禮遇失所,遂使人無鬥志。若多點取人還克雜役,其數雖多,終是無用。若精簡壯健,遇之以禮,人百其勇,何必在多陛下每云:『我之為君,以誠信待物,欲使官人百姓並無矯偽之心。』自登極以來,大事三數,皆是不信,復何取信於人?」太宗愕然,曰:「所云不信是何等也?」公曰:「陛下初即位,詔書云:逋租宿債,欠負官物,並悉原免。即令所司列為事條,秦府國司,亦非官物。陛下自秦王為天子,國司不為官物,其於官物復將何有又關中免二年租賦,關外給復一年,百姓蒙恩,無不欣悅;尋更有敕云:今年白丁多已役訖,若從此放免便是虛荷國恩;若已折已輸,並令總納,所免者皆以來年為始,散還之後方更徵收,百姓之心不能無怨。已徵得物,便點入軍。來年為始,何所取信又共理所寄,唯在縣令刺史,年常檢閱,並悉委之。至於簡點,即疑其詐偽,望下誠信,不亦難乎?」太宗曰:「朕向見卿固執,疑卿蔽於此事,今論國家不信,乃是人情不通。朕不審思,過亦深矣,行事往往如此,天下若為致化。」乃停取中男,賜金甕一口。   諫復厖相壽任   濮州刺史厖相壽,貪濁有聞,追還解任,自陳幕府之舊,太宗深矜之,使人謂之曰:「爾是我舊左右,今取他物,祗應為貧。賜爾絹百匹,即還向任,更莫作罪過。」公進諫曰:「相壽猥濫,遠近所知,今以故舊私情,赦其貪濁,更加以厚賞,還令復任。然相壽性識未知愧恥。幕府左右,其數甚多,人皆恃恩私足,使為善者懼。」太宗欣然納之,引相壽於前,謂之曰:「我昔為王,與一府作主;今為天子,為四海作主;既為四海作主,不可偏與一府恩澤。向欲令爾重任,侍臣云:爾若重任,必使為善者皆不用心。侍臣所執既是,便不得申我私意。」乃賜物而遣之,相壽默然,流涕而去。   諫斬叱奴騭   侍御史仲素奏:「慶州樂蟠縣令叱騭盜用官倉,案驗並實。」太宗令斬之。中書舍人楊文瓘奏:「據律,不合死。」太宗曰:「倉糧,朕之所重,若不加法,恐犯者滋多。」公諫曰:「陛下設法,與天下共之,今若改張,人將法外畏罪,更復有重者,又何以加焉。」太宗從之。   諫武官起服   武官丁艱憂,屢有起服者。公諫曰:「國家草創之初,武官不格喪制,天下今既安定,不可仍奪其情。必有金革之事,自有墨縗之經。」太宗曰:「朕思之,然為武事未息。如不可,即止。」   諫討擊馮盎   嶺南諸州奏馮盎反叛,前後奏者數十輩,乃命將軍藺謨、中郎將牛進等,發江嶺數十州兵以討之。公諫曰:「中國初定,瘡痍未復;嶺表瘴癘,山川阻深,兵運難繼,疾疫或起,若不如意,悔不可追。且反形未成,無容動眾。」太宗曰:「嶺南告者,道路不絕,奈何云反形未成邪?」公曰:「馮盎若反,即須及中國未寧時。交結遠人,分斷險要,破掠州縣,署置官司,何因告來數年兵不出境凡所告者,皆論田洞,此則不反之狀昭然可知。陛下未有使人親往觀察,即來朝謁,恐不見明,所以遷延,苟避罪戮。今若遣所司,分明曉諭,彼既懷誠信,又喜於免禍,必不勞師旅自至闕廷。」太宗乃罷兵,令前蒲州刺史韋叔諧員外散騎侍郎李公淹充使。即至,盎即遣其長子智戴隨叔諧等入朝。太宗曰:「初,嶺南諸州咸言馮盎反,人皆勸朕須振兵威,言者既多,不能無惑。唯魏徵以為千石之弩,不為鼷鼠發機;大國之師,豈為蠻夷興動。勝之不武,不勝為笑,但懷之以德,必不召自來。朕命一介使人,遂得嶺表無事,不勞而定,勝於十萬之師,徵不可不賞。」乃賜絹百匹。(蒲州,蒲阪也,今河中府)   諫科祖孝孫罪   太宗謂侍臣曰:「人皆以祖孝孫為知音,今教曲多不諧韻,此其未至精妙為不存意乎?」乃敕所司,令定其罪。公進諫曰:「陛下生平不愛音聲,今忽為教女樂差舛,責及孝孫,臣恐天下眙愕。」太宗曰:「汝等並是我腹心,應須中正,何反附下罔上,為孝孫為辭。」溫彥博拜謝,公及王珪進曰:「陛下不以臣等不肖,置於樞近,今臣所言,豈是為私不願陛下責臣至此。臣常奉明旨云:『勿臨時嗔怒即便曲從,成我大過。』臣等不敢失墜,所以每觸龍鱗。今以此為責,祗是陛下負臣,臣終不負於陛下。」太宗怒猶未已,懍然作色。公曰:「祖孝孫學問立身,何如白明達陛下平生禮遇孝孫,復何如白明達今過聽一言,便謂孝孫可疑,明達可信,臣恐群臣眾庶有以窺陛下。」太宗意乃解。   諫決王文楷杖   裴寂坐事免,放歸鄉宅。寂表乞住京師,久而不去。太宗大怒,長安令王文楷坐不發遣,令笞三十。公進諫曰:「裴寂所為事合萬死,令陛下念其舊功,不置於法,唯解其官,止削半封,合流之人尚自給假,況寂放還鄉宅。古人云:進人以禮,退人以禮。臣愚以為,文楷識陛下恩貸,見寂是大臣,不時蹙逼,論其此情,未合得罪。太宗曰:「朕令寂拜埽,豈非禮邪!」乃釋文楷不問。齋   諫皇甫德參上書以為訕謗   太宗謂房玄齡等曰:「昨皇甫德參上書言,朕脩營洛州宮殿,是勞人也;收地租,是厚斂也;俗尚高髻,當是宮中所作也。此人欲使國家不役一丁,不收一租,宮人皆無髻,乃稱其意耳。事既訕謗,當須論罪。」公進諫曰:「賈誼當漢文之時上書云:『可為痛哭者三,可為長太息者五。』自古上書率多激切,若不激切則不能起人主心,激切即似訕謗,所謂『狂夫之言,聖人擇焉』。惟在陛下裁察,不可責也。」太宗曰:「朕初欲責此人,若責之,則誰敢言者。」因賜絹二十匹。   諫國家愛珠   使者從奚契丹中返者,太宗問其土俗,對曰:「最愛肉珠,以數百珠博一馬。」太宗曰:「何為愛重此物?」對曰:「穿以係頸及交絡身。」太宗哂之。公曰:「此物誠不足重,人各有所惑。西域諸賈,愛重珍寶,若遇好珠,則傾家市取,乃劈肌膚,藏之於身內,此人有所經過,咸共敬重,其意所須,莫不資給,人聞皆以為笑。然國家今日亦太重之。」太宗曰:「魏徵即以我為一胡也,事皆如此。往者見林邑使人,每旦磨沈水等諸香,用涂身體,皆共笑之,以為虛費;我今愛重此物與彼亦何異乎有識者還共笑我耳,安可不深思也。」   諫西域諸國入朝   高昌主麴文泰將入朝也,西域諸國咸欲遣使,乃敕蕃人壓怛紇乾使,往西域引諸國使入朝。公諫曰:「中國始平,瘡痍未復,若有勞役,則不能安。往年高昌主來入貢,馬才數百匹,所經州縣猶不能供,況復加於此也。若任其興販,邊人則獲其利;若引為賓客,中國則受其弊矣。漢建武二十二年,天下寧晏,西域請置都護送侍子,光武不許,不以蠻夷勞弊中國。今若許十國入貢,其使不減千人,使緣邊諸州,將何取給事既不濟,人心萬端,後方悔之,恐無所及。」太宗然共議,乃追壓怛紇乾還。   諫科圍川縣官罪   或奏云:「右僕射李靖、侍中王珪,奉使九成宮,還,至圍川縣,有宮人先舍於令廳,靖等後至,乃移卻宮人,安置靖等。又,近有宮人使至始平縣,縣令已安置訖,右丞裴載家口後至,移動宮人,不加禮敬。」太宗聞之大怒,曰:「此等官職都不由我,皆由李靖、王圭等乎?何見李靖王珪等如此,見我宮人都不禮遇。始平官、司空處約等決杖一百,解官,仍案驗圍川官人及李靖等。」公進諫曰:「李靖、王珪皆知禮法,必不許移動宮人自取好處,此或言者過誤,發陛下嗔怒;如其實然,亦可矜恕。何者李靖等陛下心膂大臣;宮人、皇后、埽除僕隸,其委付事理不同,較其輕重,全無等級。又,靖等出外,官人訪朝廷法式,歸來陛下問百姓疾苦,靖等自不可不與官人相見,官人等亦不得不參。至於宮人出使,不與州縣交涉,惟得供其飲食,自外何所參承若以此罪責及官人,不益陛下德音,徒駭天下耳目。」太宗曰:「公言是也。」乃釋州縣之罪,李靖等亦寢不問。   諫優長樂公主禮數   長樂公主將出降,太宗謂房玄齡等曰:「長樂公主,皇后所生,朕及皇后並所鍾愛。今將出降,禮數欲有所加。」房玄齡等咸曰:「陛下所愛,欲少加之,何為不得請倍永嘉公主。」然永嘉公主即太宗之妹也。公曰:「不可。昔漢明帝欲封其子,云:『我子豈得與先帝子等,可半楚淮陽。』前史以為美談。天子姊妹為長公主,天子之女為公主,既加長字,即是禮有尊崇,或可情有淺深,無容禮相逾越。」太宗然其言,入謂文德皇后曰:「我欲加長樂公主禮數,魏徵不肯。」文德皇后聞之,大喜,遣中使齎錢二十萬,絹四百匹,詣公宅,宣令謂公曰:「比者常聞公中正而不能得見,今論長樂公主禮事,不許增加,始驗從來所聞,信非虛妄。願公常保此心,莫移今日。喜聞公言,故令將物相賞。公有事即道,勿為形跡也。」   諫所行事與貞觀初有異   太宗公問曰:「朕所行事,與貞觀初有異否?」對曰:「貞觀之初,陛下銳情思政,從諫如流,每因事觸類為善,志存儉約,無所營求。比者造作微多,至於諫爭,時有忤色,以此為有異耳。」   諫權萬幻任心彈射   公奏:「治書權萬紀、侍御史季仁敬,俱以告訐為正凡所彈射,皆非有罪,陛下掩其所短,收其一切之用,乃騁其奸計,附下罔上,多行無禮以取強正之名,誣房玄齡、斥退張亮,無所肅厲,徒損聖明,道路之人皆有謗議。臣伏度聖心,必不以謀慮深長,可委以棟樑之任,將以其無所避忌,欲以警厲群臣。若群臣信挾回邪,猶不可以小謀大;若群臣素無矯偽,空使上下離心。以玄齡張亮之徒,猶不得申其枉曲,其餘疏賤之類,孰能免其欺罔伏願陛下留神再思。自任二人已來,有事弘益,臣即甘心斧鉞,受不忠之罪;陛下如未能舉善以崇德,豈可進奸而自損乎?」太宗默然無以應,賜絹五百匹,俄而奸狀漸露,遂免仁敬而出萬紀。   諫魏王不得折辱貴臣   魏王,文德皇后所生,太宗特所寵異。貴要言:三品以上多輕蔑王者。意欲誣毀公等以激怒太宗。太宗大怒,御齊政殿,引三品以上入,作色而言曰:「我有一口語,欲向卿等道。往前天子是天子,今時天子即非天子邪往前天子兒是天子兒,今天子兒即非天子兒邪我見隋家諸王,一品以下皆不免其躓頓,我自不許兒子縱橫,卿等何為蔑我兒邪我若教之,豈不能折辱卿等?」房玄齡以下,戰慄流汗,拜謝。公正色而進曰:「當今群臣,必無敢輕魏王者。然在禮,臣子一也。傳稱:王人雖微,列諸侯之上,諸王用之為公卿,若不為公卿,則下土之諸侯也。今三品以上列為公卿,並天子大臣,陛下之所敬異。如其小小不是,魏王何得折辱若國家綱紀替壞,臣所不知。以當今聖明,魏王豈得如此?且隋高祖不知禮義,寵縱諸子,使行無禮,尋皆罪黜,不可為法,亦何足道。」太宗聞之,喜形於色,謂群臣曰:「凡語理到,不可不服。朕之所言,身之私愛;魏徵所言,國家大法。朕向者忿怒,謂理在不疑;見魏徵所論,方始覺屈也。人君發言,亦何容易。」   諫於虢州彩銀   虢州統軍裴師利奏:「諸山大有銀礦,彩之極有利益。」敕殿中少監趙元楷,令諸國府衛士及百姓彩之。類為勞擾。公進諫曰:「昔堯舜置璧於山,投珠於谷,所以崇名顯號,見稱千祀。陛下巍巍盛德,思與堯舜比隆;戡定大功,遠逾湯武之烈。所急在於仁義,所寶豈是珍奇珍奇既積,仁義必損。且勞役衛士,與下爭利,人不見德,將何取焉。」太宗深納之,即令停廢。   ○諫聽諫與貞觀初不同   太宗御兩儀殿,謂公曰:「朕比來所行得失、所布政化,何如昔年?」對曰:「若威之所加,遠夷朝貢,比於貞觀之始,不可等級而論;若德義潛通,人心悅服,比於貞觀之初,相去又亦甚遠。」太宗曰:「遠夷來朝,應由德義所加。德義不如昔時,功業何以得益?」公曰:「昔者,四方未定,常以德義為心;今以海內無虞,漸更驕奢自溢。所以功業雖盛,終是不如往時。」太宗曰:「今所行與往前何以為異?」公曰:「貞觀之初,恐人不言,導之使諫;三年以後,見人諫爭,悅而從之;四年以來,不悅人諫,雖黽勉聽受而終有難色。」太宗曰:「於何事如此?」公遂指陳之曰:「即位之初,處元律師罪死,孫伏伽諫曰:『法不至死,無容濫加。』遂賜蘭陵公主園准錢百萬。或曰:『所言尋常而所賞太厚。』答曰:『我即位以來,未有諫者,所以賞之。』此導之使言也。某州司戶參軍柳雄於隋資妄加等級,人有言之者,陛下令其自首,不首當與死罪,遂固言是真,竟不肯首。大理推得其偽,將處雄死,少卿戴冑奏云:『法止合徒。』陛下曰:『我已與其斷,當但與死罪。』冑曰:『陛下即不時殺,非臣所及,付臣法司,法不合死,不敢酷濫。』陛下作色遣殺,冑爭之不已,至於四五,然後欣然赦之,曰:『曹司但能為我作如此守法,豈畏濫有誅夷。』此則悅以從諫也。往者,某縣丞皇甫德參上書,有忤聖者,陛下以為訕謗,臣奏稱賈誼當漢文之代,上書云:可為痛哭者三,長太息者五,自古上書率多激切,若不激切,不能起人主之心;激切即似訕謗。於時雖從臣言,賞物二十段,然意甚不可。此是小難於受諫。」太宗曰:「誠如公言,非公無能道此者。人皆苦不自覺,公向未道之時,都自言所行不變;及見公論說,始覺志意漸移。公但常保此心,朕終不違公語也。」   ○諫遣使西域市馬   太宗遣使西域,立葉護可汗,又別使齎金帛,歷諸國市馬。公諫曰:「今發國使以立可汗為名,可汗未定即緣諸國市馬,彼必以為意在市馬,不為專立可汗,得立,則不甚懷恩;不得立,則以為深怨。諸蕃聞之,必不重中國,市馬既不可得,縱得馬,亦還路無從。但使彼安寧,則諸國之馬,不求自至矣。昔漢文帝有獻千里馬者,曰:『吾吉行日三十,凶行日五十。鑾輿在前,屬車在後,吾獨乘千里馬,將以安之乎』乃償其道里之費而反之。漢光武有獻千里馬及寶劍者,馬以駕鼓車,劍以賜騎士。陛下凡所施為,皆邈過三王之上,奈何至於此事,欲為二帝之下乎魏文帝欲求市西域大珠,蘇則曰:『若陛下惠及四海,則珠不求自至;求得之,不足貴也。』陛下如不能慕漢文之高行,不畏蘇則之言乎?」太宗納其言,欣然而止。   ○諫益州北門造綾錦   益州及北門造綾錦金銀等作,公諫曰:「金銀珠玉,妨農事者也;錦繡纂組,害女工者也。一夫不耕,天下有受其饑;一女不織,天下有受其寒。古人或投之深泉,或焚之通衢,而陛下好之,愚臣不勝其恥。」 ○諫聘鄭仁基女為充華   隋通事舍人鄭仁基女,年十五六,有容色。文德皇后請備嬪御,太宗乃聘為充華,詔已施行,冊使將行,公聞已許嫁陸氏,遽進諫曰:「陛下為人父母,子愛萬姓,當憂其所憂,樂其所樂。自古有道之主,以百姓心為心,故君處台榭,則欲人有棟宇之安;食膏梁,則欲人無饑寒之患;願嬪御,則欲人有室家之歡。此人主之常道也。今鄭氏之女,久已許人,陛下取之而無顧問,播之四海,豈為人父母之義乎臣所傳聞,或未指的,恐虧盛德,情不敢隱。君舉必書,所願特留神慮。」太宗聞之,大驚,乃手詔答之,深自克責,遂停冊使。左僕射房玄齡、中書令溫彥博、禮部尚書王珪、御史大夫韋挺等內外群官奏稱:「許適陸氏,無顯然之狀,大禮既行,不可即止。」陸爽又抗表云:「其父存日,與鄭家還往,時相贈遺資財,無婚姻交涉。」太宗謂公曰:「群臣或阿順旨,陸氏何為分疏?」公曰:「以臣度之,其意可識,將以陛下同於太上皇。」太宗曰:「何謂也?」公曰:「太上皇昔平都城,得倖處儉婦。處儉時為太子舍人,太上皇聞之不悅,遂令東宮出為萬泉令,每恐懼不全首領。此陸爽謂陛下今雖容之,恐陰加譴責,所以反覆自陳,不足多怪。」太宗笑曰:「外人意見,或當如此。然朕之所言,未能使人必信。」   ○諫解薛仁方官加杖   蜀王妃父楊譽,競婢為都官郎中薛仁方留問,未及與奪,其子為千牛,於殿庭自列云:「五品已上,不合留身。以臣父是國親,故生節目,不肯斷決,淹歷歲年。」太宗聞之大怒,曰:「知是我之親戚,猶作如此艱難,不可容也。」即令杖仁方一百,免所居官。公進諫曰:「城狐社鼠,皆是微物,為其所憑恃,除之不易;況外家公主,舊號難理。漢晉已來莫能禁御。武德之中,已多驕逸,陛下登極方已肅然。仁方既是職司,能為國家守法,豈可橫加嚴罰以成外戚之私乎此源一開,萬端爭起,後必悔之,將無所及。自古能禁此事,唯陛下一人。備預不虞,為國常道,豈以水未橫流便欲自毀堤防臣竊思度,未見其可。」太宗曰:「誠如公言,向未思耳。然仁方專擅,禁不奏聞,雖不合重罪,宜少加懲肅。」笞三十,放之。   ○諫處張君快等死   刑部奏:「張君快、歐陽林謀殺蘇志約取銀,君快不下手。貞觀九年三月赦:劫賊不傷財主,免死,配流。經門下奏定。」刑部郎中高敬言:「舉斷合死。」門下執依前奏,尚書任城王道宗錄奏。太宗謂侍臣曰:「國有常典,事跡可明,何得各為意見,弄其文墨。」因令御史勘當。御史奏之,太宗曰:「君快等謀為劫殺,何得免死?」因令殺之。公進諫曰:「據律:劫賊傷財主者皆死;謀殺之條:元謀者斬,下手者絞,於皆配流。劫賊重謀殺,輕赦是一時之恩,劫賊不傷財主,免死配流。則君快從重,法被寬;而刑部於後從輕,法斷死,臣實有疑。」太宗曰:「幾人行劫?」公對曰:「三人,下手者處死罪。」太宗令議。議定奏聞,太宗曰:「三人謀,從二人之言。」因令配流。   ○諫貴臣遇親王下馬   魏王師王珪奏:「准令,三品已上,遇親王於道不下馬。今皆失於儀准。」太宗怒曰:「爾等並自尊貴,卑下我子,此為非法,我不能行。」公諫曰:「自古迄今,親王在京師者,班次三公,吏部、尚書、侍中、中書令,並三品也。若此等為王下馬,王又不可安。然訪諸故事,則無可准行之,於今自隳國法。」太宗曰:「國家所以立太子者,擬朕百年之後以為君也。然則人之存亡不在老幼,設無太子,則立嫡孫;若無嫡孫,即立諸子。以此而言,亦須崇敬。比孫於我,不亦近乎?」公曰:「殷家有兄終弟及之義,自周已降,立嫡必長,所以絕庶孽之覬覦,塞禍亂之源本,為國家者,所宜深慎。陛下向責王珪,乃忿怒肆情,不可以聞於臣庶。」太宗怒乃解。   ○諫責顯仁宮官司   太宗東巡,將入洛,次顯仁宮,宮苑官司多被責罰。公進諫曰:「陛下今幸洛州,為是舊徵行處,喜其安定,故欲加恩故老。城郭之人未蒙德澤,官司苑監多及罪辜。或以供奉之物不精,或以不為獻食,此則不思止足,志存奢靡,既乖行幸本心,何以副百姓所望隋主每命在下多作獻食,好為供奉,倘不好不多,則有威罰。上之所好,下必有甚,競為無限,遂至滅亡。此非載籍所傳,陛下目所親見。為其無道,故天命陛下代之。當須戰戰兢兢,每事儉約,參蹤盛烈,貽訓子孫。奈何令在下之人,悔不為奢麗也陛下若以為足,今日不啻足矣;為不足,萬此亦不足矣。」太宗大驚曰:「非公,朕安得聞此言而今而後,庶無此事。」   ○諫河南安置突厥部落   伐國公李靖、英國公李勣等擊突厥牙,破之,其部落或投延?,或投西域,而多歸降者。太宗欲於河南處之。公諫曰:「匈奴自古至今,未有如斯之破敗也,此是上天剿絕,宗廟神武。且其積代為寇,百姓冤讎。陛下以其歸降,不能誅滅,即宜遣還河北,居其故土。匈奴人面獸心,非我族類,強必寇盜,弱則卑服,不顧恩義,其天性也。秦漢患之若是,故發猛將以擊之,收取河南以為郡縣。陛下奈何以內地居之且今降者,幾至十萬,數年之間,滋息自倍。居我肘腋,甫邇王畿,心腹之疾將為後患,尤不可居以河南也。」溫彥博曰:「不然。天子之於物也,天覆地載,有歸我者則必養之。今突厥服滅,餘落歸附,陛下不加憐愍,棄而不納,非天地之道,阻四夷之意。臣愚甚,謂不可遣居河南,初無所患。所謂死而生之,亡而存之,懷我德惠,終無叛逆。」公曰:「不然。晉代有魏,時番落分居近郡,郭欽、江統請逐塞北,武帝不納欽統等言,數年之後遂傾瀍洛。前代覆車,殷鑒不遠。陛下必用彥博之言,遣居河南,所謂養虎自遺患也。」彥博又曰:「不然。聖人之道,無不通古先哲,王有教無類。突厥餘魂,以命歸我,我受護之,使居內地,指麾教導,示以禮法。數載之後,自為農夫,選其酋首,遣居宿衛。畏威懷德,何患之有。且光武居南單于於內部,為漢藩翰,終乎一代,不有叛逆。」太宗遂用彥博計。   ○諫出韋元方為華陰令   司門員外郎韋元方,給使過,所供遲晚,給使奏之,太宗大怒,出元方為華陰令。公進諫曰:「帝王震動若雷霆,怒須當罪,何得妄發前為給使夜行,遂出敕書,事似軍期,誰不驚駭但宦者之徒,古來難狎,輕為言語,易生患害,獨行遠使,深非事宜,漸不可長,所宜深慎。」太宗深納其言。   ○諫平高昌以為州縣   高昌平,太宗欲以為州縣,公諫曰:「陛下初臨天下,高昌主先來朝謁,自後屢有商胡。稱其遏絕貢獻,不禮大國,遂使王誅。再加若罪,止文泰斯亦可矣。未若因而撫之,而立其子,所謂伐罪弔人,威德被於遐外,為國之善者也。今若利其土壤以為州縣,常須千於兵鎮守,數年一易,每往交替,死者十有三四,遣辦衣資,離別親戚,十年之後,隴右空虛,陛下終不得高昌撮谷尺布以助中國。所謂散有用而事無用,臣未見其可。」太宗不從。   ○諫高昌不失臣禮   太宗謂侍臣曰:「高昌不失臣禮,豈至滅亡朕平此一國,甚自內懼,今欲永隆功業,唯在上下不驕,進拔忠謇,以自匡正,黜貪殘,用忠良,不以小人之言而議君子,以此三道守茲寶位。」公進言曰:「臣觀古帝王撥亂創業,必自誡懼。彩芻蕘之言,從忠讜之策;天下既安,恣情肆欲,甘樂諂諛,惡聞正諫。張良,漢王畫計之臣,及高祖為天子,廢嫡立庶,良曰:『今日之事,非口舌所能爭也,』終不敢復言。況陛下功業之盛,以漢高祖方之,彼不足言,唯即位十有五年,聖澤光被;今又平殄高昌,屢以安危係意,方欲納用忠良,開正言之路,天下幸甚。昔齊桓公、管仲、鮑叔牙、甯戚並飲,桓公謂叔牙曰:『曷不起為寡人壽』叔牙奉觴而起曰:『使公無忘出而在於莒也,使管仲無忘束縛在於魯也,使甯戚無忘飯牛車下也。』桓公避席再拜曰:『寡人與二大夫能無忘夫子之言,則社稷不危矣。』」太宗笑謂公曰:「朕不忘布衣,公不得忘叔牙之為人也。」   ○諫封禪   貞觀六年,匈奴克平,遠夷入貢,符瑞日至,年穀頻登。太宗欲封泰山,數與房玄齡等言及封禪;太宗欣然。於是群臣咸稱述功德,以為時不可違,今日行之,臣等猶謂其晚。公諫以為不可。太宗曰:「朕欲公極言之,勿有所隱。朕功不高邪?」曰:「功高矣。」「德未厚邪?」曰:「德厚矣。」「華夏未乂安邪?」曰:「乂安矣。」「遠夷不慕義邪?」曰:「慕義矣。」「嘉瑞不至邪?」曰:「至矣。」「年穀不登邪?」曰:「登矣。」「然則何為不可?」公對曰:「陛下功高矣,人未懷惠;德厚矣,澤未滂流;諸夏乂安矣,未足以供事;遠夷慕義矣,無以供其求;符瑞雖臻而罻羅猶密,積歲豐稔而倉廩尚虛,此臣所以竊為未可。臣未能遠譬,且借喻於人。今有人長患十年疼痛,不息醫療,且愈,皮骨僅存,便欲負米一石,日行百里,必不可得。隋氏之亂,非只十年,陛下為良醫,除其疾,雖已乂安,未甚充實,告成天地,臣竊為疑。且陛下東封,萬國咸萃;要荒之外,莫不奔走。今自伊洛已東,暨乎海岱,灌莽巨澤,茫茫千里,人煙斷絕,雞犬不聞道路,蕭條進退艱阻,寧可引彼夷狄,示以虛弱乎竭財以賞,未厭遠人之望;加年終復不償百姓之勞。或遇水旱之災,風雨之警,又庸夫橫議,悔不可追。豈獨臣之懇懇,亦有輿人之誦眾無以奪。」於是乃止。   ○諫西行諸將不得上考   太宗考三品已上,令公省其當否,有所疑者,輒於狀傍注帖。西行諸將並不得考。公乃諫曰:「臣聞彩尺璧者,棄其微瑕;錄大功者,不論細過。西行諸將,雖無大功,君集萬均,克平寇亂,不辱國命,跋涉艱阻,來往二年,考其勤勞,與在家者不異。若使人無怨讟,亦不可勸勉將來。臣愚以謂,西行諸將,君集萬均以外,五品已上,有功勳、無罪殿者,其考請,更斟酌,匪唯一事得所,足以勸後人。」太宗從之。   ○諫親格猛獸晨出夜還   太宗幸同州,校獵,親格猛獸,晨出夜還。公諫曰:「臣聞《書》美文王不敢盤於游田;《傳》述虞箴,稱夷羿以為誡。昔漢文臨霸?,欲馳下,袁盎攬轡曰:『聖主不乘危,不僥倖。』今陛下馳六轡,飛馳不測,如有馬驚車敗,陛下若欲自輕,其奈高廟何孝武好格猛獸,相如諫曰:『力稱烏獲,捷言慶忌,人誠有之,獸亦宜然。卒然遇逸才之獸,駭不存之地,雖有烏獲之猛,逄蒙之伎,不可得用而枯木朽株盡為難矣。雖萬全而無患,然本非天子所宜。』近孝元郊泰畤,因留射獵,薛廣德奏稱:『竊見關東困極,人民流離,今日撞亡秦之鍾,歌鄭衛之樂,士卒暴露,從官勞倦,願亟反宮。』上即日還。臣竊思此數帝之心,豈同木石,獨不好馳騁之樂而割情屈已從臣下之言者,志存為國,不為身也。臣聞車駕近出,親格猛獸,晨往夜還,以萬乘之尊,暗行荒野,踐深林,涉豐澤,甚非萬全之計。願陛下割私情之娛,釋格獸之樂,上為宗廟社稷,下慰群寮兆庶。」太宗曰:「昨夜之事,偶屬麈昏,非故然也。自今以後,深用為誡。」   ○諫禁張士貴   太宗因教習不整,遣太將軍張士貴杖中郎、郎將等,士貴坐杖輕,下吏。公諫曰:「臣在外竊聞大將軍張士貴坐行杖阿縱,送付大理。臣以為教習不整,官司誠合重責,但將軍之任,職在爪牙,委以心膂,取其誠效,行杖小有不稱,未是將軍之罪。且使將軍執杖,已不可為後法。又以杖輕加責,彌復驚駭物情。假令推得阿私,終恐有虧聖德。」太宗大笑,遽令釋之。   ○諫案驗告訐   太宗聽告訐之言,案驗多謬。公進曰:「凡欲致化,必在上下相親,朝廷輯睦。今則告訐者進,遏惡者不齒,君子苟免,小人遂忘,莫相勸誡,任其是非,國俗如此,何以求化?」太宗納之。   ○諫內出高昌婦女與薛萬均對事   或告大將軍薛萬均平高昌,日與高昌婦女有私,敕大理卿孫伏伽推鞫,萬均不服,內出高昌婦女對問。公諫曰:「萬均兄弟,誠款早著;奸私之事,虛實難明。若罪狀顯然,錄付伏伽自了;若事無指的,萬均必是有辭,遣大將軍與破亡婦女對辨奸穢,辭既不伏,聽者必疑。臣聞君使臣以禮,臣事君以忠。實則所得者輕,虛則所失者重,故秦穆公飲盜馬之酒,楚莊王赦絕纓之客,且楚莊秦穆,並夷狄之諸侯,列名五伯,垂芳千祀。況陛下以萬乘之主,道高堯舜,作之不法,何以示遠?」太宗納其言而罷焉。   ○諫新羅國獻美女   新羅國獻美女,公諫曰:「臣一昨在內,略聞新羅國重更進女,未委逗留計。蕃夷獻女,誠不足怪,但今日受納,實非其時,道路傳聞,必生橫議,若微虧聖德,悔不可追。且願詳擇事誼,以禮告示,申其使人誠款;必不得已,然後遂其所欲,則遠夷悅服,人無謗言。」太宗喜形於色而遣之。   ○諫閹豎妄有所奏   閹豎使還,妄有所奏發,太宗甚怒,公進諫曰:「閹豎雖微,狎近左右,時有言語,輕而易信,浸潤之譖,為患特深。以今日之明,必無所慮;為子孫教,不可不杜絕其原。」太宗笑曰:「非公,朕安得聞此言。」   ○諫責房玄齡等   房玄齡、高士廉問少府少監竇德素,北門近有何營造,德素以聞,太宗大怒,謂玄齡等曰:「君但知南牙耳,北門小小營造,何預君事邪?」玄齡等拜謝。公進曰:「臣不解陛下所責,亦不解玄齡等謝。玄齡等並是大臣,即陛下股肱耳目,有何營造,何容不知責其訪問,臣所不解;且所為有利害,役功有多少。陛下所為若是,當助陛下成之;所為若非,奏陛下罷之,此乃君使臣,臣事君之道也。玄齡等問既無事而陛下責之,玄齡等不識所守,但知拜謝,臣亦不解。」太宗深愧之。   ○諫李弘節家人賣珠坐所舉   桂州督李弘節身死之後,其家賣珠,太宗聞之,乃宣言於朝曰:「此人平生之日,宰相皆言其清,其家今既賣珠,所舉者豈得無罪?」敕案之。公諫曰:「陛下生平疑此人濁,未見受財之所,今聞其賣珠,將過罪舉者,臣不知所謂。自聖朝以來,為國盡忠、清貞自守、終始不渝者,屈突通、張道源而已。通子三人來選,共有一匹羸馬;道源兒子不能存立,未見一言及之。今弘節為國立功,前後大蒙賞齎,居官終沒不言貪殘,妻子賣珠,未為有罪。審其清者,無所存問;疑其濁者,傍責舉人,雖雲疾惡情深,是亦好善不篤。臣竊思度,未見其可,恐有識聞之,必生橫議。伏願留心再思。」太宗撫掌曰:「造次下思,遂有此語,方知談不容易。」   ○諫上書多論綾錦   或有上書者,太宗覽之,謂侍臣曰:「比來多論綾錦,卻不言獵射。」公對曰:「綾錦雖陛下所好,比之猶差;從禽不強人所不能。古人有言曰:『道所以不言,言亦知不可得。』」太宗笑曰:「理實當然,魏徵之言,亦何由可得。」   ○諫移魏王居武德殿院   太宗移魏王於武德殿院,公諫曰:「此殿在內,處所寬閒,參奉往來,極為便近。王既是愛子,陛下常欲安全,每事抑其驕奢,不處嫌疑之地。今移此殿,便是東宮之西,海陵昔居,時人以為不可,雖時異事異,猶恐人之多言。又王之本心,亦不寧息。既能以寵為懼,伏願成人之美。」太宗欣然從之。 ○對突厥內大雪   北蕃歸朝人奏稱:「突厥境風大寒雪,人饑,羊馬並死。中國人在彼者,皆入山作賊,其人情大惡。」太宗聞之,謂公曰:「觀古來人君,行仁義、任賢良則理;行暴虐、任小人則亂。突厥所信任者,並共卿等見之,略無忠正可取者。頡利復不憂百姓,恣情所欲為,朕以人事觀之,亦何可久,卿以為何如?」公對曰:「昔晉文侯問李克,諸侯誰先亡克曰:吳先亡。文侯曰:何故克曰:戰數勝戰。數則人疲,數勝則主驕,以驕主馭疲人,不亡何待頡利逢隋末中國喪亂,遂恃眾內侵,今尚不息,此其必亡之道。」太宗然之。   ○對北蕃擾亂鬚髮兵   太宗謂公曰:「今北蕃擾亂,鬚髮兵收取河南地。」公對曰:「突厥雖亂,未甚指的。必其牙所有事,自不敢住在河南。臣愚請更詳審。」太宗曰:「古有好仁義而亡者,有好戰伐而滅者,朕意止欲安靜,得非病邪?」公對曰:「靜者為化之本。」   ○對大亂之後大可致化   太宗論自古政化得失,因曰:「當今大亂之後,造次不可致化。」公對曰:「不然。凡人居安樂則驕逸,驕逸則思亂,思亂則難化。在危困則憂死亡,憂死亡則思化,思化則易教。然則,亂後易教,猶饑人易食也。」太宗曰:「善人為邦百年,然後勝殘去殺,大亂之後,將求致化,寧可造次而望乎?」公對曰:「此指常人,不在聖哲。若聖哲施化,上下同心,人應如響,不疾而速,期月而可,信不為過。三年成功,猶謂其晚。」太宗深納其言。右僕射封德彝等,咸共非之曰:「三代以後,人漸澆訛。故秦任法律,漢雜霸道,皆欲化而不能,豈能化而不欲。魏徵書生,不識時務,若信其虛論,必敗亂國家。」公曰:「五帝三王不易人而化,行帝道則帝行,王道則王,在於當時所化之而已。考之載籍,可得而知。昔黃帝與蚩尤七十於戰,其亂甚矣,既勝之後,復致太平。九黎亂德,顓頊徵之,既克之後,不失其化。桀為亂虐而湯放之,在湯之日則得太平。紂為無道,武王伐之,成王之日亦致太平。若言人漸澆訛,不返淳樸,至今應悉為鬼魅,寧可復得而教化邪?」德彝等無以難之,然咸以為不可。太宗力行不倦,三數年間,契丹、靺鞨內附,突厥破滅,部落列為編戶。太宗每謂侍臣曰:「貞觀之初,人皆異論云:當今必不可行帝王道,唯魏徵勸我而已。我從其言,不過數載,遂得華夏安寧,遠夷賓服。突厥萬代以來常為勍敵,今頭首並帶刀宿衛,部落皆襲衣冠,使我不動乾弋,數年之間遂至於此,皆魏徵之力也。」又復謂公曰:「玉雖有美質,在石間,不值良工琢磨,與瓦礫不別;若遇良工,即為萬代之寶。朕雖無美質為公所切磋,約我以仁義,弘我以道德,使朕功業至此,公亦足為良匠,唯惜不得使封德彝見之。」公再拜,謝曰:「匈奴破滅、海內康寧,自是陛下威德所加,實非群下之力;但喜逢明聖,不敢貪天之功。」太宗曰:「朕能任公,公稱所委,其功獨在朕乎何故飾讓也。」   ○對上封人請親納表奏   上封人多請太宗親納表奏,以防壅塞。太宗以問公,公對曰:「觀此人意見,殊乖大體。若請陛下,不任百司親庶事,豈唯朝堂一所,則州縣之務亦須陛下親斷。」   ○對隋日禁囚   太宗論隋日禁囚,公對曰:「臣昔在隋時,聞有盜發煬帝,令士澄捕之,但有疑即苦加拷掠,枉承賊者二千於人,並令同日斬決。大理丞張元濟怪之,試尋其狀,乃有六七人盜發之日,先禁他所,才被放出,亦遭推劾,不勝苦痛,虛以自誣。元濟因此更事,尋究二千人內,唯有九人不明,又案驗九人,四人非賊。有司不敢執奏,遂並殺之。」太宗曰:「非唯煬帝無道之君,臣下亦不盡忠。須相匡諫,不避誅戮。豈得苟行諂佞,求悅譽乎君臣如此,何能不敗賴公等共相輔弼,遂得囹圄空虛。欲公等善始令終,常如今日。」   ○對齊文宣何如人   太宗謂侍臣曰:「齊文宣何如人?」公對曰:「非常顛狂,然與人共爭道理,自知短屈,即能從之。臣聞齊時,魏愷先任青州長史,嘗使梁還,除光州長史,不就,楊遵彥奏之。文宣帝大怒,召而責之。愷曰:『臣先任青州大藩長史,今有使勞,更無罪過,反授小州,所以不就。』乃顧謂遵彥曰:『此漢有理。』因令舍之。」太宗曰:「往者盧祖尚不肯受官,朕遂殺之,宣帝雖顛狂,尚能容止,此事朕所不如也。祖尚不受處分,雖失人臣之禮,朕即殺之,大是傷急。一死不可再生,悔所無及,宜復其官陰。」   ○對周孔儒教商韓刑法   太宗曰:「周孔儒教,非亂代之所行;商韓刑法,實清平之?政。道既不同,固不可一概也。」公對曰:「商鞅韓非申不害等,以戰國縱橫,間諜交錯,禍亂易起,譎詐難防,務深法峻刑以遏其患,所以權救於當時,固非致化之通軌。」   ○對為政之要務全其本   太宗與貴臣宴於丹霄殿,謂群官曰:「為政之要,務全其本。若中國不靜,遠夷雖至,亦何所益朕與公輩共理天下,令中夏乂安,四方靜肅,並由公等咸盡忠誠,共康庶績之所致耳。朕實喜之。然安不忘危,亦兼以懼。朕見隋煬帝篡祚之初,天下強盛,棄德窮兵以取顛覆;頡利近者,足為強大,意既盈滿,禍亂斯及,喪其大業,為臣於朕;葉護可汗亦大強盛,自恃富貴,通使求婚,失道怙亂,奄致破滅;其子既立,便肆猜忌,眾叛親離,覆基絕嗣。朕雖不能遠慕堯舜禹湯之德,自睹此輩,何得不誡懼乎公等輔朕,功績已成,唯當慎以守之,自致長保,並宜勉力,事有不可,則須明言,君臣同心,何得不理。」公對曰:「陛下弘至化,安天下,可謂功已成矣。然每睹非常之慶,彌切慮危之心,自古至慎,無以加此。臣聞鮑叔牙飲桓公,祝曰:『願君無忘在莒,管仲無忘在魯,甯戚無忘飯牛』。陛下居安思危,在治思亂,無忘之念過叔牙之願矣。臣聞上之所好,下必從之,明詔獎勵,足使懦夫立節。」   ○對為君之道先存百姓   太宗問拓設使人曰:「拓設兵馬,今有幾許?」對曰:「見有四千餘兵,舊有四萬餘人。」太宗曰:「為君之道,必須先存百姓,若損百姓以奉其身,如割脛以自啖,腹飽而身弊。」又曰:「身安天下安。必須先正其身,未有表正而影曲,上理而下亂者。朕每思傷其身者,不緣外物,皆由嗜慾以成其禍。若耽嗜滋味,玩悅聲色,所欲既多,所須亦大,既妨政事,又擾生人。且復出一非理之言,萬姓為之解體,怨讟既作,離叛亦興。朕每思此,不敢放逸。」公對曰:「古者聖哲之王,亦近取諸身,遠體諸物。昔楚聘詹何曰:『未聞身理而國亂者。』陛下所明,實古之大義。」   ○對西胡愛珠   太宗謂侍臣曰:「朕聞西胡愛珠,若得好珠,劈身藏之。」侍臣咸曰:「貪財損己,實為可笑。」太宗曰:「勿唯笑彼,今官人貪財,不顧性命,身死之後,子孫被辱,何異西胡之愛珠邪帝王亦然。恣情放逸,勞役無度,信任群小,疏遠忠正,有一於此,豈不滅亡。隋煬帝奢侈自賢,身死匹夫,亦為可笑。」公對曰:「臣聞魯哀公謂孔子曰:『有人好忘者,移宅乃忘其妻。』孔子曰:『又有好忘者甚於此,丘見桀紂之君,乃忘其身。』」太宗曰:「朕與公等,既知笑人,今共相匡輔,庶免人笑。」   ○對奏事戰懼   太宗謂侍臣曰:「朕見胡裴始畢上書,論西蕃事,意頗有情理。朕與共語,非常戰懼。今奏一事,人亦應如此。」公對曰:「天顏俯臨,豈得不懼。臣見在外諸司,欲奏事者,先三五日反覆尋思,及其臨奏,三分不能道得一分。尋常易事,尚難如此,況爭諫之人,出言皆是觸忤。賴蒙陛下假其顏色,若不如此,理終不申。」   ○對古來帝王皆欲國祚長久   太宗曰:「古來帝王,皆欲國祚長久,但為威勢既高,下情不能上達,加以小人君子雜處,其朝任不得人,遂至亡滅。」公對曰:「巧佞忠正,無代不有,但相時君所好而進。若用忠正則理,用邪佞則亂,必然之理也。」太宗曰:「為帝王者,必須慎其所與,只如鷹鷂鞍馬聲色殊味,朕若欲之,隨須即至,如此等事,常敗人正道。邪佞忠正,亦在時君所好。若任不得賢,何能無滅。」公對曰:「臣聞齊威王問淳於髡曰:『寡人所好,與古者聖王同否』髡對曰:『古者聖王所好有四,今王所好唯有三種。古者好色,王亦好之;古者好馬;王亦好之;古者好味,王亦好之;古者好賢,王獨不好。』齊王曰:『今無賢可好也。』髡曰:『古之美色即有西施毛嬙,奇味即有龍肝豹胎,善馬即有飛兔綠耳,此等今既無之,王之廚膳、後宮、外廄,今亦備矣。王若以今之無賢,未知前代之賢得與王相見否。』」太宗深然之。   ○對西蕃通來幾時   太宗嘗御瑤池殿,顧謂侍臣曰:「西蕃通來幾時?」公對曰:「《禹貢》云:西至流沙。又云:西戎即敘,不明境域所至。漢武帝置敦煌、張掖等郡,自此已後漸通西域。」太宗謂群臣曰:「朕聞漢武帝時,為通西蕃,中國百姓死者大半。此事著在史籍,不能具道。但隋後主欲開?嶺已西,鎮守俱未當死者,繼於道路。加聞流沙已西,仍有隋破壞車轂,其邊即有白骨狼籍。北築長城,東渡遼水,征伐不息,人無聊生,天下叛之,聚而為盜,煬帝安然,恣其所欲,遂至滅亡,只為不聞其過。朕以此事永為鑒誡。今與諸公共理百姓,但有不可行,即向朕言,勿得面從,苟相悅譽。且朕素無學術,未閒政道。一日萬機,不能盡經耳目,所有處斷,恐獨見不明,致有失所。所以委公等,公等善相輔弼,使兆庶得所,此乃長保富貴,蔭及子孫;若屍祿曠官,苟貪榮利,必加黜辱,終不容舍。朕既以漢武帝、隋後主為龜鏡,公等亦須常將此事相規諫也。」群臣並拜謝。公進曰:「陛下思弘至化,砥礪群下,臣等敢不竭股肱之力。但恐識度愚淺,無益萬分。臣聞漢武帝承五代之資,天下無事,府庫充實,士馬強盛,遂思騁其欲以事四夷,聞蒟醬而開邛僰,貪良馬而通大宛,北逐匈奴,南征百越,老弱疲於轉輸,丁壯死乎軍旅。海內騷然,戶口減半,至於國用不足,府庫空虛。乃榷估鹽鐵,徵稅關市,課算舟車,告緡賣爵,侵漁百姓。萬端俱起,外內困窮,無以給邊費,議以營田代卒,冀以助軍,迄於暮年,方始覺悟。下哀痛之詔,封丞相為富民侯,僅以壽終,幾及大亂。煬帝恃其強盛,思欲追蹤漢武,戎車屢動,人不聊生。十餘年間,亡身戮國。陛下威加海外,無遠不臻,深惟二主以為殷鑒,所謂一人有慶,兆民賴之。臣等奉以周旋,不敢失墜。」太宗曰:「朕遇千慮一失,必望有犯無隱。」   ○對百官應有堪用者   太宗曰:「百官之內,應有堪用者,朕未能知之,不可造次,為天下主誠亦難。朕今行一事,則為天下所觀;出一言即為天下所聽。用得好人,為善者皆勸;誤用惡人,不善者競進。賞當其勞,無功者自退;罰當其罪,為惡者誡懼。故知賞罰不可輕行,用人彌須審悉。」公對曰:「舉選之事,自古為難。故考績黜陟,察其善惡。今欲求人,必須先訪其行,審知其善,然後任之。假令此人不能濟事,只是才力不及,不為大害;誤用惡人,假令強幹,為患極多。但亂代唯求其材,不顧其行;太平必須材行俱兼,始可任用也。」   ○對鐵之為用   太宗曰:「鐵之為用,無處不須。至於金銀,玩好而已。不知何意,人皆愛之。」公曰:「兵杖農器,非鐵不可;金銀珠玉,唯有豐年人以為貨。故諺云:『豐年珠玉,儉年穀粟』。」太宗曰:「正為蕃人愛,不可全棄。」   ○對侍臣全無諫爭   太宗謂孫伏伽曰:「今以公為諫議大夫,必須獻可替否。」又謂侍臣曰:「公等全無諫爭。」公對曰:「昔者齊景公射不中的,而左右俱稱其善,景公曰:『自晏子死,不復聞寡人之過。』弦章對曰:『上之所好,下必從之。君若以謇諤為忠,則人皆晏子。』陛下每稱述忠諫之士,若有事須獻替,誰敢不盡其忠?」   ○對李密王世充優劣   太宗問曰:「義寧之初,國家雖有關中,王世充、李密各自割據。當此之時,諸君所事之主,誰優誰劣?」公對曰:「李密智計英拔而器度局小。」戴冑奏稱:「王世充言議分明繁而寡要,為化但為一時之利,不堪思其後圖。」太宗曰:「平定天下,朕雖有其事,若守之失圖,功業亦復難保。秦始皇實可為誡。公等宜念公忘私,榮名高位,可以長守。」公對曰:「臣聞之:戰勝易,守勝難。陛下深思遠慮,安不忘危,功業既彰,德教復洽。常以此為政,天下不得不安,四海不得不樂。」   ○對吐谷渾使人懼   吐谷渾使人請婚,唐儉奏稱:「其使大戰懼。」太宗曰:「公等以此言虛實。」公對曰:「今四方諸國,並為陛下臣妾。若發一使,遣諸國徵之,立即敗亡,何得不懼也。」   ○對隋煬帝求覓無己   太宗曰:「隋煬帝求覓無己,內則淫蕩於聲色,外則剿人以黷武,遂至滅亡。朕睹此,但以清靜撫之。今百姓自言安樂,豈知朕之力也。」公對曰:「堯人擊壤而歌,亦云:『帝有何力於我哉』只將此事,以為太平百姓,亦不知由主上安之也。」太宗曰:「朕今安養百姓,豈求其知,但論理亂在時君耳。」公對曰:「此事非知之難,終行之難。」   ○對隋日山東養馬   太宗曰:「隋日,山東養武馬,一匹百餘貫錢。」公對曰:「當時官人因自販馬,粟麥既賤,立限令市。非理督責,乃至破其產業,官人馬盡便寬其日月。百姓不堪,所以聚而為盜。」太宗謂侍臣曰:「朕身不下殿堂而四夷賓服,此之功業,實所重惜思安,其術未嘗一日忘也。朕見隋煬帝,都不以官人違法為意,性多猜忌,唯慮有反叛者。朕則不然,但慮公等不遵法式,致有冤滯,每見告密之徒,殊不掛意,宜體此心,務以德養人,即是勿毀之道。」公對曰:「陛下平定宇內,實如詔旨。今功業既定,天下已安,而日慎一日,務以德勝。臣等雖愚,敢不奉識聖意。」太宗又謂蕭璟曰:「卿在隋時,數見皇后否?」璟對曰:「自其兒女,不得相見;臣何人也,輒得見之。」公曰:「臣聞煬帝,特不信齊王,常有中使察之,奏其飲宴,則曰:『經營何事稱意』若其憂悴,則曰:『彼將有他念。』故爾父子之間且猶至是,而況他人乎?」太宗曰:「今朕視正道,勝煬帝知齊王遠矣。」   ○對隋主入突厥界   太宗曰:「大業之初,隋主入突厥界,兵馬之強,自古已來不過一兩代耳。大業之末,夷人極盛,今一衰弊,並為我擒。以此觀之,富貴不可驕逸也。」公對曰:「天下安危,唯在為政善惡。臣觀隋氏、突厥之敗,實由貪賤放逸。陛下居安思危,故得天下靜謐。」   ○對不見讜言   太宗謂侍臣曰:「比三兩月來,不見公等讜言,未知以朕不可諫爭,隱而不言為是庶事咸得不須論也!」公對曰:「陛下每見一事即為鑒誡,臣等深識聖情,必事理有違,豈敢隱而不奏。然比來大使既出,內外無事,所以不論。」   ○對喪亂未有如隋日者   太宗曰:「古來雖復時遭喪亂,未有如隋日者。朕皆平之,功何如古人?」公對曰:「前代雖逢喪亂,皆有牧宰割據,不過數歲即有所歸。至於隋末天下鼎沸,百姓塗炭,經十餘年,陛下應天順人,一時平定,此乃再造天地,重立區夏,此之功業,古來未有。」   ○對人君所務寬厚   太宗謂右僕射李靖等曰:「人君之道,唯在寬厚,非但刑戮,乃至鞭撻亦不欲行。比每人嫌朕太寬,未知此言可行否?」公對曰:「古來帝王,以殺戮肆威者實非久安之策。臣等見隋煬帝初有天下,亦大威嚴,而官人百姓造罪未一。今陛下仁育天下,萬姓獲安,臣下雖愚,豈容不識恩造。」太宗曰:「公等假以為非,朕終不改此志。」   ○對向曉後有一星   太宗謂李靖等曰:「今旦向曉,復有一星出東方,舊者合昏沒,何因更有此星?」又曰:「埽星。」公對曰:「典籍所載,有長星,有孛星,有彗星。長星其形極長,孛星小短,彗星如埽形。今人所謂埽者,即是彗星。」公又奏曰:「臣聞古帝王未有無災變者,但能修德,災變自消。陛下因有天變,遂能誡懼,反覆思量,深自克責,雖有此變,必不為災。」   ○對人身假令無病   太宗曰:「夫人之身,假令無病,不免有疥癬,及時有小惡處。用人求備,理實為難。」公對曰:「自古為政,但舉大體。堯舜之時,非全無惡,但為惡者少;桀紂之代,非全無善,但為惡者多。譬如百尺之木,豈能無一枝節今官人居職,豈能全不為非但犯罪者少,即是大化。」   ○對百姓籍我撫養   太宗謂房玄齡等曰:「今天下百姓,籍我撫養,先須令我安穩。今上封者,唯道九成往來,百姓辛苦。」公對曰:「陛下意存容納,許其進言,則妄處多不妨,時有可錄。陛下所有短長,此人多不肯隱,但容納之,亦是善事。」   ○對百姓大似信佛   太宗謂長孫無忌等曰:「在外百姓,大似信佛。上封人欲我每日將十個大德共達官同入,令我禮拜。觀此,乃是道人教其上書。」公對曰:「佛法本貴清淨,以退浮競;且道、俗事既不同,昔釋道安,一時名德,符永固與之同輿,權翼以為不可;釋惠琳非無才俊,宋文引之升殿,顏延之云:『此三台之位,豈可使刑餘之人居之。』今陛下若欲崇信佛教,豈須日別見道人。」   ○對兒子常一處   吳王恪奉見太宗,謂房玄齡等曰:「朕於兒子,常欲一處。但家國事義,實亦不同。欲令其子孫代代桓繼,且又絕其覬覦。朕今供養太上皇,與私亦異,以鎮撫四海,不貽太上皇憂。為孝則天子之孝也。」公對曰:「臣聞孝行有三:大孝尊親,其次不辱,其下能養。今陛下立身揚名,富有天下,華夷安泰,此實大孝,豈同進饘粥侍左右之孝也。且以四海之主,豈比庶人若與子孫同在一處,非所以保根固本之策。」   ○對無事與公等飲   太上皇幸兩儀殿,內外群臣奉見太上皇,還西宮,太宗從至大安宮,還,顧謂長孫無忌等曰:「今天下無事,侍太上皇與公等同宴,可謂至樂。然朕若與公等忘政事,但歡宴,蓋非常安之法。」公對曰:「陛下酣宴之後,猶不忘庶政,古者堯舜禹湯所以太平,實用此道。」太宗因曰:「古之人君處廊廟,居逸樂,臣下一事失所,便棄前功,解免黜放,急處如此。」公對曰:「人君發怒於一臣,將行刑罰而能念其舊功者,鮮矣。陛下今發德音,臣等幸甚。」   ○對言者君子之樞機   太宗曰:「朕每思言者,君子之樞機,談何容易;匹夫之間,出言不善,人或記之,成其恥累。朕則四海之主,出一言失所,虧損豈同匹夫者邪?」公對曰:「人君居四海之尊,若有虧失,古人以為日月之蝕,人皆見之,實如陛下之所誡慎。」 ○對所居殿隋文帝造   太宗謂房玄齡等曰:「朕所居殿,隋文帝造,已經四十於年,損壞處少。唯承乾殿是煬帝造,工多覓新奇,鬥棋至小,年月雖近,破壞已多。今為政,更欲別作意見,亦恐似此屋耳。」公對曰:「昔魏文侯時租賦歲倍,有人致賀,文侯曰:『令戶口不加,租賦歲倍,此由課斂多,譬如皮,熟之令大則薄,令小則厚,理人當亦如此。』由是魏國大化。臣今量之,陛下為政,百夷賓服,天下已安,但須守今日化道,亦歸之於厚,此即是已足也。」   ○對周齊末主優劣   太宗謂公曰:「昨進周齊史看,末代之主,為惡莫不相似,俱至滅亡。然兩主若為優劣?」公對曰:「二主亡國雖同,其行即別。齊主懦弱,政出多門,上下相蒙,遂至亡國;周主立性凶強,威福在己,亡國之事,皆在其身。以此而論,齊主為劣。」   ○對平定四方   太宗謂侍臣曰:「計朕平定四方,優勤百姓,雖不及前代哲王,比煬帝故應萬倍。但君臣相須,事同魚水。然魚不得水則立,水無魚則廢。世有理亂,移易風俗,終自如舊。固知國家唯藉臣佐及百姓,共相翊戴,方得保其尊榮。」公對曰:「昔楚王召詹何為相,何曰:『唯解修身,不解理國。』王又遣使重請何曰:『未有身正而國不理者。』今遠方慕化,並由陛下克己自修,所以夷狄咸知效命。」   ○對刑法寬猛   太宗御太極殿,大赦,因謂侍臣曰:「為君極難,法若急,恐濫及善人;法若寬,則不肅姦宄。寬猛之間,若為折衷?」公對曰:「自古為政者,因時設教。若人情似急,則濟之以寬;如有寬慢,則糾之以猛。時既不常,所以法令無定。」   ○對有天下者皆欲子孫萬代   太宗曰:「朕常思,自古有天下者,皆欲子孫萬代,政化過於堯舜,及其所行,則與堯舜相反。如秦始皇,亦是英雄之主,平定六國已後,才免其身,至子便失其國。桀紂幽厲,亦皆喪亡,朕為此不得不懼。且天下百姓,傾耳側目,唯看善惡。朕豈得不自思之。」公對曰:「自古以來,人君為難,只為出言即成善惡。若人君出言欲聞已過,其國即興;若出言欲人從已,其國即喪。古人云:『一言可以興邦,一言可以喪邦。』正為如此。但天下人,皆自進於陛下以榮其身,若正人即欲以正道輔佐,佞人即欲以邪道自媚,工巧者則進奇服異器,好鷹犬者即欲勸令畋游。所欲自進者,不覺為非,皆言為是。若陛下常守正道,則奸人不能自效,如開其路,則人人欲遂其心矣。」太宗曰:「然。」   ○對隋大業起居注   太宗問侍臣:「隋《大業起居注》,今有在者否?」公對曰:「在者極少。」太宗曰:「起居注既無,何因今得成史。」公對曰:「隋家舊史,遺落甚多。比其撰錄,皆是採訪,或是其子孫自通家傳參校,三人所傳者,從二人為實。」又問:「隋代誰作起居舍人?」公對曰:「崔祖濬、杜之鬆、蔡允恭、虞南等。臣每見虞南說,祖濬作舍人時,大欲記錄,但隋主意不在此,每須書、手、紙、筆所司多不即供,為此,私將筆抄錄,非唯經亂零落,當時亦不悉具。」   ○對帝王有盛衰   太宗謂侍臣曰:「觀古來帝王,有盛有衰,猶朝之有暮,皆為蔽其耳目,忠正者不言,邪諂者日進。既不見其過,以至於滅亡。朕在九重之中,不能遍覽天下,故布之卿等,以為朕之耳目,莫以天下無事,四海安寧,便不存意。」公對曰:「自古亡國之主皆為居安忘危,處理忘亂,所以不能長久。陛下富有四海,內外清晏,遂能留心政道,常如臨深履薄,國家曆數,自然靈長。臣等濫當重任,今又親蒙誡勖,唯知自勵,敢不盡心。」   ○對隋末百姓不自保   太宗曰:「隋時百姓,假有財物,豈能自保自我有天下以來,存心撫養,無所科差,人人皆得營產業,守其資財,即我所賜。向使我徵求無已,雖數賞賜,亦不如不得。」公對曰:「堯舜在上,百姓亦云:『耕田而食,鑿井而飲。』含哺鼓腹而云:『帝有何力於其間哉。」今陛下如此含養百姓,可謂日用而不知矣。」又奏曰:「昔晉文公出畋,逐獸碭入大澤,迷不知所出。其中有漁者,文公謂曰:『我,若君也,道安從出我且厚賜汝。』漁者曰:『臣願有獻。』文公曰:『出澤而受之。』於是送出澤。文公命曰:『子之所欲教寡人者何也願受之。』漁者曰:『鴻鵠保大海之中,厭而數移徙之小澤,則必有繒弋之憂;??保淵厭而出之淺渚,則必有網羅釣射之憂。今君逐獸,碭入至此,何行之大遠也。』文公曰:『善。』謂從者記漁者名,漁者曰:『君何以名為君其尊天事地,敬社稷,固四國,慈愛萬民,薄賦斂,輕租稅者,臣亦與焉;君不尊天事地,不敬社稷,不固四國,外失禮於諸侯,內逆人心,一國流亡,漁者雖有厚賜,不得保也。』遂辭不受。」太宗曰:「卿言是也。」   ○對月令早晚有   太宗謂侍臣曰:「《月令》蚤晚有?」公對曰:「今《禮記》所載,《月令》起自呂不韋。」太宗曰:「但為政專依月令,善惡復皆如所記否?」公對曰:「秦漢已來,聖主依《月令》事多矣;若一依者,亦未有善,但古者設教,勸人為善,所行皆欲順時,善惡亦未必有此。」太宗曰:「《月令》既起秦時,三皇五帝並是聖主,因何不行《月令》?」公對曰:「計《月令》起於上古,是以《尚書》云:『敬授人時。』呂不韋止是修古《月令》,未必始起秦代也。」   ○對讀書善事   太宗問曰:「朕比讀書,所見善事,並即行之,都無所疑;至於用人,則善惡難別,故知人極為不易。朕比任使公等數人,何因政化猶不及文景?」公對曰:「陛下留心政道,委任臣等,逾於古人,正由臣等庸短,不能副陛下所寄;若論四夷賓服;天下無事,古來未有似今日者。至於文景,不足以方聖德。」公又曰:「自古人君,初為政者皆欲比於堯舜,及天下既安,即不能終其善事。人臣初被委任,亦欲盡心竭力,及得富貴,即欲保全官爵。若使君臣常不懈怠,豈有天下不安之理?」太宗曰:「確論至理,誠如公言。」   ○對弘演內肝   太宗謂侍臣曰:「狄人殺衛懿公,盡食其肉,獨留其肝,弘演呼天大哭,自出其肝而內懿公之肝。今欲求其人,不可得也。」公對曰:「在君待之而已。昔豫讓為智伯報仇,欲刺趙襄子,襄子執而護之,謂讓曰:『子昔不事范中行乎智伯盡滅之,子乃委質智伯,不為報仇,今為智伯,何也』讓答曰:『臣昔事范中行,中行以眾人遇我,我以眾人報之;智伯以國士遇我,我以國士報之。』在君禮之而已,何患無人。」   ○對懷州有上封事者   太宗謂侍臣曰:「朕昨往懷州,有上封事者云:『何為常差山東眾丁於苑內營造,即日徭役似不減隋時。懷洛已東雕殘,人不堪命,而畋獵尤數,驕逸之主也。今者復來懷州游畋,是不得復至洛陽矣。』夫四時搜狩,既是帝主常禮,今幸懷州,秋毫不乾於百姓,凡上書諫爭,自有常准。臣貴有辭,主貴能改。如斯詆毀,有似咒詛。」公對曰:「國家開正言之路,所以上封者極多。陛下親自披閱,或冀片言可取,所以僥倖之士,得肆丑詞。臣諫其君,甚難折衷,從容諷動使行之。孔子曰:『凡諫有五,吾從諷諫。』漢元帝嘗酎祭宗廟,出便門,御樓船,御史大夫薛廣德當乘輿前,免冠頓首曰:『宜從橋。陛下不聽臣,臣自刎,以頸血汗車輪,陛下不得入廟矣。』元帝不悅,光祿勳張猛進曰:『臣聞主聖臣直,乘船危,就橋安。聖主不乘危。廣德言不可不聽。』元帝曰:『曉人不當如是邪。』乃從橋。以此而言,張猛可謂能諫其君者也。」   ○對百姓安否   公拜埽還鄉,太宗遣三衛二十人從,仍借殿中馬三十匹,賜物七百段。並給傳乘。至是還,奉見焉,太宗勞之曰:「今日卿至,真可謂喜也。」公再拜謝。太宗乃問所經百姓安否,公對曰:「百姓咸蒙亭毒之恩,並得安居樂業。」太宗曰:「朕存心愛養,不愧古人,所未免百姓之言,唯獵一事耳。」時桂陽主在座,奏稱:「陛下出遊,唯將近親左右及給使等,何關百姓?」公曰:「譬如人之故舊,有兒子無賴,破其產,雖不關已,然心必惡之。」又曰:「去冬暮,從懷州還,有人言陛下復欲幸關南,在外悉裝束訖而竟不行,因何有此消息。」太宗笑曰:「當時實有此心,但畏卿嗔,遂即不去。」公再拜謝。   ○對守文創業   太宗謂侍臣曰:「帝王之業,草創與守文,孰難?」左僕射房玄齡奏稱:「天地草昧,群雄競逐,功破乃降,戰敗乃服。由此言之,草創為難。」公對曰:「帝王之起,必由仁德,天下樂推,同心協力,為物除害,天授人與,翻為不難;然既得之後,志趣驕逸,人樂安靜而行役不休,人已雕殘而裒斂不息,有國之弊,常由此起,以斯而言,守文則難。」太宗謂房玄齡曰:「卿所對,不如徵之切也。」   ○對君臣治亂   太宗謂侍臣曰:「君亂於上,臣理於下;或臣亂於下,君理於上,二者苟逢,何者為甚?」公對曰:「君心向理,則照見下非;若誅一勸百,誰敢不畏若昏暴於上,忠諫不從,雖百里奚、伍子胥之在吳虞,不救其禍。」太宗曰:「必如此也。齊文宣惛暴,楊遵彥以正道扶之,得理,如何?」公對曰:「遵彥彌縫暴主,救理人物,才得免亂,亦甚艱辛,於聖主嚴明,臣下畏法,不同日而語。」   ○對山崩川竭   太宗謂侍臣曰:「山崩川竭,自古以為災。比來水旱不調,抑亦由人事」。公謝曰:「山有朽壤而崩,古人不以為患;唯政教有失,乃以為災。」太宗曰:「然。」   ○對隋主博物有才   太宗謂侍臣曰:「朕觀隋主文集,博物有才,亦知悅堯舜之風,五桀紂之行。然而行事,即與言相違,何也?」公對曰:「自古稱人主之善,在有君人之量,能任使人,智者為之謀,勇者為之戰,雖聰明聖哲,以黈纊冕旒垂耳目。隋主雖有俊才,無人君之量,恃才驕物,所以至於滅亡。」太宗曰:「然。昔漢武徵役不息,戶口減半,中涂能改,還得傳祚子孫。向使隋主早寤,亦不至滅亡也。」   ○對往歲馬料   太宗曰:「往歲馬料甚厚,今唯料麩三升,數年來又放宮人三五千人出,准計所費,與舊當減半,何為往日人多料厚而常足,今日人少料薄反以不供,何也?」公對曰:「往歲所須,皆於百姓取足;今日所用,皆於倉庫出供,所用雖多,不擾百姓;所以用雖少於往時,而供進時有所闕。」   ○對古今人同異   太宗問曰:「今人與古人同邪。」公對曰:「人多以古人淳樸,今人澆浮。以臣量之,勢亦相似。」太宗曰:「今之人固不及古,古之君臣為化,唯以百姓心為心;近代帝王,唯損百姓以適其欲。朕今與公等,雖不及古,然須以百姓為心,不得有損於物而自奉也。」   ○對慶善樂為文舞   慶善樂為文舞,破陣樂為武舞,詔公及虞南、褚亮、李百藥等為之詞。太宗謂侍臣曰:「昔周公相成王,制禮作樂,久之乃成。逮朕即位,數年之間,成此二樂;五禮又復刊定,未知堪為後代法否朕觀前王有功於人者,作事施令,有即為法所貴,不忘其德者也。朕既平定天下,安堵海內,若德惠不倦,有始善終,自我作古,何慮不法。若遂無德於物,後代何所遵承以此而言,後法不法,猶在朕耳。」公對曰:「陛下撥亂反正,功高百王,自開闢已來,未有如陛下者也。更創新樂,兼修大禮,自我作古,萬代取法,豈止子孫而已。」   ○對太子師保古難其選   太宗謂侍臣曰:「太子師保,古難其選。成王幼小,以周召為保傅,左右皆賢,足以長仁致化,稱為聖主。及秦之胡亥,始皇所愛趙高作傅,教以刑法,及其篡也,誅功臣、殺親戚,酷烈不已,旋踵亦亡。以此而言,人之善惡,誠由近習。朕弱冠交遊,唯柴紹竇誕,然則誕等為人,既非三益,及朕居寶位,經理天下,雖不及堯禹之明,庶免乎孫皓、高緯之暴,以此言之,復不由染,何也?」公對曰:「中人可與為善,亦可與為惡。然上智之人,自無所染。陛下受命自天,平定寇亂,救兆人之命,旋致昇平,豈紹誕之徒能累聖德但《傳》云:『放鄭聲,遠佞人。』近習之間,尤宜深慎。」太宗稱善。   ○對漢代常以八月選子女   太宗謂侍臣曰:「漢代常以八月選洛陽中子女資色端麗者,載還後宮,此不可為法。然即日宮內,甚多配役之口,使其誕乳諸王,是非所宜。據此論選補宮列,理宜依禮。」公對曰:「人多惑嬖色,乃致敗亂。周幽惑褒姒,晉獻惑驪姬,耽於寵欲,廢嫡立庶,幽王因此身死,遂喪西周;獻公身雖護沒,禍延數代。嬪御之間,所宜深慎。」   ○對帝王之興有天命   太宗問侍臣曰:「帝王之興,必有天命,非幸而得之也。」房玄齡對曰:「王者必有天命。」太宗曰:「此言是也。朕觀古之帝王,有天命者,其勢如神,不行而至;其無天命,終至滅亡。昔周文王、漢高祖,啟洪祚,初受命,則赤雀來;始發跡則五星聚。此並上天垂示,徵驗不虛。非天所命,理難妄得。朕若仕隋朝,不過三衛,亦自惰慢,不為時須。」公對曰:「《易》云:『潛龍勿用。』言聖德潛藏之時,自不為凡庶所識,所以漢祖仕秦,不逾亭長。」   對封禪   太宗謂房玄齡等曰:「封禪是帝王盛事,比表請者不絕,公等以為何如?」公對曰:「帝王在德不在封禪。自喪亂已來,近泰山州縣,雕殘最甚。若車駕既行,不能全無使役,此便是因封禪而勞役百姓。」太宗曰:「封禪之事,不自取功績歸之於天;譬如玄齡等功臣,雖有益於國,能自謙讓歸之於朕,豈似不言而欲自取。今向泰山,功歸於天,有似於此。然朕意常以嵩高,既是中嶽,何謝泰山。公等評議。」   對積德累仁   太宗問公曰:「朕為人主,實仰止古先帝王。至於積德累仁,豐功厚利,四者朕皆行之,何等優劣?」公對曰:「德仁功利,陛下兼行矣。至於功利二善,所益居多。夫平海內之亂,除戎狄之害,是陛下之功;安堵黎元,各復生業,是陛下之利。」   對賢人出仕   太宗謂侍臣曰:「夫賢人出仕,進則利物榮主,退則官達名成,勤於此事,聞之益少。唯有見惡如崩,淫酒是務,此皆不學而能,是以善人常少,惡人居多。古人稱百年一賢,謂之比戶企佇,奇才常不可得。」公對曰:「夫賢人居則善其身,達則兼濟其物。是以明聖求之,不有懈怠。」   對帝王不能常理   太宗謂侍臣曰:「朕聞自古帝王,亦不能常化。假令內安,必有外擾。當今遠夷率服,百穀豐稔,賊盜不作,內外寧靜,朕喜得此事,故共公等樂飲。此非朕一人之力,亦由公等共相存輔。然安不忘亡,理不忘亂,雖知今日無事,亦須思臣終始,常得如此,始是可貴。」公對曰:「自古以來,元首股肱不能備具,或時君聖臣即不賢,或遇賢臣即無聖主。今陛下聖明,所以致化;臣等駑蹇,不稱陛下所任,然臣等雖不堪任用,陛下放黜即得;若有賢臣,但令君不思化,亦無所益。今天下太平,臣等以為喜,此由陛下居安思危,孜孜不怠。」太宗曰:「萬機事重,豈得不思。公可語起居郎,常書笏上云:『居安思危。』朕若不思,即向朕道。」   對加藺謨罪   太宗與大將軍藺謨語,謨不對,太宗怒而繫之,後知其聾,乃釋不問,謂侍臣曰:「我昨發怒藺謨,若遂加其罪,豈不枉濫。」公對曰:「古者帝王多因喜怒遂濫其賞罰。今陛下思怒藺謨,遂能卻更思省,若此心不移,四海之福。」   對凌敬乞貸責所舉   有司奏:「近臣所薦凌敬,乞貸之狀。」太宗責公等濫進何也,公對曰:「臣等每蒙顧問,常具言其長短,有學識,強諫爭,是其所長;愛生產,好經營,是其所短。今其為人作碑文,教人讀書,即附托官人,回易求利,與臣等所說事實未乖。陛下未用其長,唯見其短,以為臣等欺罔,實不甘心。」   對高麗等三蕃僧求學   高麗等三蕃僧,求學至中國,游萊州,萊州以聞。太宗曰:「不須遣來,此非為學問,但覘國家虛實耳。」公對曰:「陛下所為,若善此等,固當取則;若不善,雖拒蠻夷,亦無益也。」   對可愛非君   太宗曰:「《書》云:『可愛非君,可畏非人。』天子者,有道則人推而為之主,無道則人棄而不用,誠可畏也。」公對曰:「古語云:『君,舟也;人,水也。水能載舟,亦能覆舟。」陛下以為可畏,誠如聖旨。」 或奏公阿黨親戚   或奏公阿黨親戚者,太宗使御史大夫溫彥博案驗其事,乃言者謬妄。彥博奏:「魏徵人臣,須存形跡,不能避遠嫌疑,為人所道,雖情在無私,事亦可責。」乃令彥博以此旨責公。因謂之曰:「君前後諫爭,凡數百條,豈以小事損君眾美。自今以往,不得不存形跡也。」經數日太宗問公曰:「昨來在外,聞有何不是事?」公正色曰:「前日令彥博宣敕,語臣何因不作形跡,此言大不是。臣聞君臣葉契,義體一同,未聞不存公道,唯事形跡。若君臣上下同遵此路,則邦之興喪,或未可知。」太宗瞿然改容,曰:「前發此語,尋已悔之,君不得因茲遂懷隱避。」公乃再拜而言曰:「臣以身許國,正道而行,必不敢欺負;但願陛下使臣為良臣,勿使臣為忠臣。」太宗曰:「忠良有異乎?」公曰:「良臣,稷契咎繇是也;忠臣,龍逢比乾是也。良臣使身獲美名,君受顯號,子孫傳業,福祿無疆。忠臣身受誅夷,君陷大惡,家國並喪,獨有其名。由此而言,相去遠矣。」太宗謂曰:「君但莫違此言,朕不忘社稷之計。」乃賜絹一百匹。   權貴疾公   權貴疾公,每言於太宗曰:「魏徵凡所諫爭,委曲反覆,不從不止,意以陛下為幼主,不同於長君。」太宗曰:「朕少不學問,唯好弓馬,至於起義,即有大功;既封為王,偏蒙偏愛,理道政術,都不留心;及為太子,初入東宮,思安天下,欲克己為政,唯魏徵與王珪導我以禮,弘我以道,勉強從之,大覺利益,遂力行不息,以致太平,並魏徵等之力,所以特加禮重,每事聽從,非私之也。」言者乃慚而止。   霍行斌告變   霍行斌告變,公預其事,太宗覽之,謂侍臣曰:「此言大無由緒,不須鞫問,行斌宜付所司定罪。」公曰:「臣蒙近侍,未以善聞而有大逆之名,罪合萬死。陛下曲垂矜照,臣將何以自安請鞫之。」尋仍拜謝,太宗曰:「卿之累仁積行,朕所自知。愚人相謗,豈能由己,不須致謝也。」   房玄齡考績不平   房玄齡、王珪掌內外考績,治書御史權萬紀奏其不平,追案勘問,王珪不伏,太宗付侯君集案之。公奏稱:「無阿私,必不可推鞫。」太宗大怒,令君集勘當。未奏,太宗問君集,君集奏稱:「『臣謂魏徵,玄齡、王珪挾私濫考,何得阿黨,固執言不可推。』徵答云:『玄齡、王珪俱是國家重臣,並以忠正任使,其所考者既多,或一兩人不當,祗是見有左右,終非心有阿私。若即推繩,不相信任,此事便不可信,何以堪當重委。假令錯謬有實,未足虧損國家。窮鞫若虛,失委大臣之體。且萬紀每日常在考堂,必有乖違,足得論正,當時鑒見,一無陳說,身不得考,方始糾彈,徙發在上嗔怒,非是誠心為國,無益於上,有損於下,所惜傷於正體,不敢有所阿黨。』」遂釋不問。   侍宴於丹霄門   太宗宴於丹霄門樓,極歡,長孫無忌奏稱:「王珪、魏徵昔在東宮,臣等疾之如仇,豈謂今日並坐而宴。」太宗曰:「魏徵等既能盡心,所事當時誠亦可恕。朕能拔擢用之,以至今日,足謂無愧古人。」酒酣,太宗謂曰:「徵每諫,我不能得,即嗔,公等知否?」公對曰:「臣諫不得,實未有喜,亦不敢嗔。」太宗曰:「君若不嗔,何因臨時不應?」公對曰:「臣以事有不可,所以進諫。若不從輒應,便恐此事即行。」太宗曰:「當時且應,更別陳論,亦何為不得?」公曰:「昔舜戒群下:『汝無面從,退有後言。』若臣面從,陛下方始別陳,此即退有後言,豈是稷契事堯舜之意?」太宗大笑曰:「人言魏徵舉動疏慢,此實不然。朕但見其所為,只覺婉媚耳。」公拜謝,曰:「陛下導之使言,臣所以敢諫;若陛下不受,臣豈敢數犯龍鱗。」太宗曰:「史官須記此言。」   論止足之分   公頻論止足之分,太宗未之許。公曰:「群臣委任既久,許其避退,權用之,次觀其能否;既得預察群才,又無獨任之謗,使善人得進,長廉讓之風;若能行之於今,足為將來永法。」太宗曰:「信如公言,然論者猶有同異,待至京下當別議。」   太宗謂侍臣天下安寧   太宗謂群臣曰:「為政者,豈待堯舜之君,龍益之佐。自我驅使魏徵,天下乂安,邊境無事,時和歲稔,其忠益如此。」先是,將發十六道黜陟大使,畿內道未有其人,太宗親定之,問房玄齡等曰:「此道事最重,誰可先使?」右僕射李靖對曰:「畿內事大,非魏徵莫可。」太宗作色曰:「朕欲向九成,事亦不小,寧遣魏徵邪朕每行,不欲與其相離者,適為其見朕是非,必無所隱,今從公等語遣去,朕若有得失,公等能止邪?」乃令李靖充使,公從往九成宮。   太宗御西堂宴集   太宗坐於丹霄門外之西堂,引公及右僕射李靖、中書令溫彥博等入宴,言及群臣才行,謂靖等曰:「朕自為王至於今日,官人或上書獻計,勸朕為善者多矣,日月稍久,官職漸大,志意即移,言論漸少,無不衰倦;唯魏徵與朕為善,官職益高,志節彌厲,見朕一事失所,甚於已身有過,朝夕孜孜,終始如一。自立以來,唯見此一人而已。是以敬之重之,同於師傅,不以人臣處之。」其後每謂房玄齡等曰:「魏徵被我拔擢特異,其報我亦深矣。君與我契闊艱辛,多歷年所,勞苦之極,人莫能加。然自即位以來,輔弼我躬,安我社稷,成我今日功業,為天下所稱,君不得與魏徵比矣。」   文德後載誕侍宴   文德皇后誕公主,月滿,宴群臣於丹霄殿。太宗命公圍棋賭,公再拜曰:「臣無可賭之物,不敢煩勞聖躬。」太宗曰:「朕知君有物,不須致辭。」公固言無物堪供進者,太宗曰:「朕知君大有忠正,君若勝,朕與君物;君若不如,莫虧今日。」遂與公棋,才下數十子,太宗曰:「君已勝矣!」賜尚乘馬一匹,並金裝鞍轡勒,仍賜絹千匹。   進五代史   武德中,公與侍中陳叔達、中書令蕭瑀、左僕射封德彝、太子詹事裴矩等,同奉詔分修魏、梁、陳、周、齊、隋六代史。侍中已下,各居權要,既不相統攝,撰者無所稟承,事曆數年,竟無次序。貞觀初,公為秘書監,乃奏停後魏而修梁以下五代。奉敕遣秘書丞令狐德棻、秘書郎岑文本撰周史,前中書侍郎顏師古、給事中孔穎達撰隋史,著作郎姚思廉撰梁陳史,中書舍人李百藥撰齊史。師古徙職,以許敬宗代之。公受詔總加修撰,裁定去取,咸資筆削,多所損益,務在簡正。隋史序論皆出公手,梁陳及齊各為總論。梁史六秩五十六卷,陳史四秩三十六卷,周史五秩五十卷,齊史五秩五十卷,隋史六秩五十五卷,奏之,時稱良史,加左光祿大夫,進封鄭國公,賜物二千段。   讓左光祿大夫   公詣朝堂,抗表讓左光祿大夫,附崔確奏稱:「臣在隋朝,備經喪亂,如臣流輩,死亡略盡,臣得奉太平,又特蒙拔擢,恩澤既深,唯思報效,但臣先有眼疾,比加風疹,轉加增劇。天才陰晦,數步之外,全不見人;倉卒轉動,即覺心識悶亂。方今天下無事,英彥如林,無容痼疾之人久在樞近,非但不可,更加二品,仍乞解侍中之職,授臣一二品散官,不離左右,足申愚見,拾遺補闕,非敢虛飾,此實臣志願。」太宗令崔敦禮謂之曰:「國之安危,資於輔弼,得其人則日隆日化,失其人則敗不旋踵。公寬以接下,忠以奉上,朕每有乖僻,公未嘗不言,社稷安危,唯公是寄。假使公全無兩目,猶當舁公置於左右,朝夕諮詢;況公所患非重,便欲拂衣高蹈,匪獨乖於朕意,僉議以為未可。」   太宗移舊閣   太宗謂侍臣曰:「我疹病,移一舊閣,伊乃謗我作望陵台,公等須為我鞫問取。」謂楊師道曰:「卿道姜行本作處,用十車銅,聞誰道?」師道奏曰:「魏徵道。」太宗問公曰:「何以生此?」公不應。太宗再三問,對曰:「道十車銅,是諫爭語;臣若道姓名,某即是訕謗,必不益聖德。」太宗曰:「我有事,皆向卿道,今卿乃為在下,不向朕道,是朕盡心向卿,卿不盡心向朕也。」因令御史引出鞫問之,乃謂治書侍御史杜正倫曰:「朕於天下亦是有功,每至祠祭,雖不親行,常心懷悚懼。魏徵於朕,非義從府臣,朕於罪人之中擢與富貴,得朕借問,遂有所隱。朕事天即能畏敬,魏徵即事,便不盡心。昔蕭何有大功於漢家,祗為請上林地,漢高祖尚係械之,計魏徵勛庸,豈得與蕭何為等,朕為其能諫爭,遂寵遇至此,乃恃寵自驕。朕昔問房玄齡事,答云『不知,』徵當即奏稱:『豈有人臣報主得有所隱。』朕今借問,便不盡心。遣御史推問,乃負氣作如此行步,若朕兒能諫爭,還作此驕慢,亦須撲殺。朕到伊上,豈有顧惜,看伊意況,似國家不得伊時即不得理。古來帝王,未有魏徵,亦得為化,在朕今日,何藉魏徵。」敕杜正倫速按問。公附奏稱:「此閣初移,臣等面奉敕旨,本為避濕,所造不多;但眾庶無知,或有謗議,臣初聞望陵台名,即欲內奏,仍共楊師道平章云:『此名必是浪語,若出合名,百姓自然不惑。』師道語臣:『有便即奏至尊,聽其與說。』不願即顯姓名,非是欲私其人,故隱不道。陛下深居九重,細事不可親見;臣作股肱耳目,非問無由得知。臣數日前見少府監官某乙,問訪比來作司事務多少,云:『更無造作,事亦不多,但北門造閣處,須釘鍱甚急,恐少,便須市。』供作司唯恐闕乏獲罪,臣即語云:『移一舊閣費用幾何』報臣云:『雖是舊事料理,釘鍱須十車五車。』臣即向師道說。前日面奉進,止所造,蓋亦不多役人,又是丁匠,何因人有此語師道共臣平章。只是至尊每事存養,無所造作,人見小小事,即以為多。百姓不可家至戶說,那可彰其言語。」遂釋不問。太宗御百福殿,公奉謝,太宗令韋挺謂之曰:「卿罪重於千鈞,朕任卿使卿,逾於管仲,自近代已來,君臣相得,未似今日。昨問卿事,遂隱不言,朕今思量深可怪恨,向若遂即不道,終不與卿相見。欲論十年任使,一朝遂失,朕意可不惜邪賴卿出外列其姓名,朕錄卿忠誠,所以不責。」公對曰:「臣本九泉下人,蒙陛下拔擢,職在樞近,已經十年,情有所守。昨日遂被聞奏,罪合萬死。陛下平一海內,愛養生人,天授明德,情存至化,軍國機務,皆出聖躬,臣承受不暇,有何功績昨日若死,今日無由奉見聖顏。」   太宗即位有上書者   太宗謂長孫無忌等曰:「朕躬即位之初,有上書者非一,或言人主必須威權獨運,不得委任群下;或耀兵振武,威懾四夷,唯有魏徵勸朕偃草興文,佈德施惠,中國即安,遠人自服。朕從其語,天下安寧,絕域君長皆來朝貢,九夷重譯,相望於道。凡以此等事皆魏徵之力也。朕之任用,豈不得人。」公拜謝曰:「陛下聖德自天,留心政術,臣以庸短,承受不暇,豈有所益。」   太宗幸積翠池賜宴賦詩   太宗幸積翠池,賜貴臣宴。太宗曰:「今茲年穀既登,邊方靜息,因此農隙,與公舉酒,酒酣各詠一事。」公得西漢,其詞曰:「受降臨軹道,爭長赴鴻門。騑傳渭橋上,觀兵細柳屯。夜宴經柏谷,朝游出杜原。終藉叔孫禮,方知皇帝尊。」太宗曰:「魏徵所言,必約我以禮。此語意極好,特宜記錄。」   皇孫載誕侍宴   皇孫載誕,太宗幸東宮,置酒極歡。群臣等奏稱:「皇子多已長成,而陛下初未有孫。今者東宮先誕首嫡,此卜代之休徵,無疆之美慶也。率士蒼生,莫不抃舞,臣等喜躍,特百常情。」太宗曰:「君子抱孫不抱子,此是社稷之慶,公等又助朕盡飲,朕安得不喜。」酒酣,太宗召左僕射房玄齡及公於御?前地席,謂曰:「貞觀已前,從朕平定天下,夷凶克亂,周旋艱辛,玄齡功勳,何所與讓。」太宗自解佩刀以賜之。又曰:「貞觀以來,盡心於主,獻納忠讜,國安人利,犯顏正諫,匡朕之違,唯見魏徵一人。古之名臣,何以加此。」雙解佩刀以賜之。   上類戴氏禮   戴氏禮並為注解二秩二十卷上之,詔曰:「禮經殘缺,其來已久。漢代戴聖爰記舊聞,古今所宗。條目雜亂,先儒傳授,多歷年所,咸事因循,莫能釐正。特進鄭國公。徵文高翰林,學綜冊府,服膺典禮,有志討論,乃依聖所記,更事編錄,以類相從。別為篇第,並更注解,文義粲然,遂得先聖微言,因茲重闡,後之學者,多有弘益,宜付秘書,仍令繕寫,賜皇太子及諸王各一本。」並賜物一千匹。   論十六國諸主優劣   太宗與群臣論及十六國諸主優劣,太宗曰:「苻永固何獨為所稱?」房玄齡對曰:「為任使得人則見稱,無其人則不見稱。當時為有王景略。」太宗謂群臣曰:「此猶朕之有魏徵。」公拜謝焉。   預章公主薨   預章公主薨,公奏:「自豫章公主薨逝,陛下久著素服,群情悚栗,咸不自寧。臣聞古之王者,絕於期服,此乃前書典禮,列代舊章。陛下發上聖之慈,深下流之慟,素服以來,遂經旬月;悼往之義,足為加隆。伏願割無已之痛,從先王之禮,改御常服以副群下之心。臣濫蒙重任,不敢寢默。」太宗從之。   太宗以公比諸葛亮   太宗謂侍臣曰:「魏徵何如諸葛亮?」岑文本對曰:「諸葛亮一國之政,內處寧安,又行師用兵,威動勍敵,見稱今古。魏徵雖未事事盡兼,至於憂國如家,忠言正諫,朝夕孜孜,古人亦無以加也。」太宗曰:「魏徵懷忠奉國,蹈履仁義,唯以道德為務,無所欺負;執持朕躬,必欲致於堯舜之上。諸葛所行,無以過也;所不如者,行師用兵耳。」   太宗謂侍臣自知者明   太宗謂侍臣曰:「自知者明。人不能善鑒已過,如善為文章,工諸伎藝,皆自謂已善,他人不及;若良工商略,文匠詆訶,蕪音拙句,往往而有。又譬傅母養子,?面豫飾乃堪見人,若櫛髮必須明鏡,覽其形容,以鑒善惡。以此而言,人君亦須得匡諫之臣,道其愆過,即其為政無大乖違。一日萬機,一人聽斷,細微差僻,安能盡美。唯有魏徵,隨事諫正,多中朕失,其進喻啟沃,有同明鏡;分明善惡,▉?見已形。即數餐嘉言,安得不喜。」太宗因舉觴以賜房玄齡、高士廉等,數數勵之。   辭太子太師   皇太子承乾不修德業,魏王泰寵愛日隆,內外庶僚,咸有疑議,太宗聞而惡之,謂侍臣曰:「當今朝臣,忠謇無如魏徵,我遣傅皇太子,用絕天下望。」遂命草詔,謂侍臣曰:「其辭乎?」皆曰:「徵昔為侍中,卒以退讓,儲傅之重,恐必不當。」太宗曰:「徵識吾此意,將不固辭矣。」及詔下,拜為太子太傅,公自陳有疾,太宗謂之曰:「太子,宗社之本,須有師傅,故選忠正以為輔弼。昔周幽晉獻廢嫡立庶,有國行此,國必危;有家行此,家必敗,如漢家幾廢太子,賴四皓來助,乃始得安。我今賴公,即其義也。如公疹病,可臥護之。」公乃就職。   手詔問疾   公疾,太宗手詔曰:「不見數日,憂憤甚深,自顧過已多矣,言已失矣,行已虧矣。古人云:『無鏡可以鑒鬚眉』,可謂實也。比欲自往,恐勞卿,所以使人來去。若有聞知,此後可以信來具報。」公奏曰:「堯舜率天下以仁而人從之,桀紂率天下以暴而人從之,下之所行,皆從上之所好。今大臣進一人則疑其親故,拜一人則疑其奪權,欲遣其人,若為展力所以契闊艱辛,同其生死,聞一人之言,即謂可信;新來言者,何以明其無私?」又奏曰:「古者雖犯重罪,君上每言寬宥,必不獲已,方始加刑。且人君之威,甚於雷霆,今欲加其罪,則理外誣造;將宥其過,則法內曲辭;欲求刑,必寬平,吏不嚴酷,不可得也。」又奏曰:「帝王所重在乎定君臣、明父子、正夫婦,三者不亂,然後內外安寧。比見弟子陵師,奴婢忽主,下多輕上,皆有為而來,漸不可長。」又奏曰:「君子有諸已然後求諸人。無諸已然後非諸人,所藏於身不恕而能喻諸人者,未之有也。今臨朝堂,以至公為言;退而行之,乃未免私僻之事。或恐有所不便,聞於在下,即橫加威怒以掩塞之,欲人不知,莫若勿為;欲蓋彌彰,掩之何益。帝王大如天地,信如四時,諸葛亮,小國之臣,猶能開誠心,佈公道,今之為政,未能平心,亦虧公道。心所愛則雖僻不以為非,心所嫌則雖正不見其是,居人上者,其身正不令而行,其身不正,雖令不從。今每發言,常疾私相請托,或至小事,自所未免,上為下效,理必然也,雖加之以罪,必不心伏。」太宗稱善。   手詔重聞   太宗手詔曰:「近來疹病,何似漸得可未卿患日久,言面已賒,理國立家,方知難耳。比日自為,勞思委頓,始驗任人則逸,自任則勞,非虛言也,此懷公想知之,可以意得,書何盡心,略而言耳。」   賜殿材為起堂   公宅內無堂,太宗常欲為營造,公謙讓不受。太宗慮公疾甚,乃以小殿材為造焉,五日而成,仍遣中使齎素屏風素褥几案?等就賜之,遂其所尚也。公附表陳謝,太宗手詔曰:「觀卿書,不如尋常,憂惋之情切朕懷意,處卿至此,當為橫濟黎元,經圖達化耳,豈為朕一人而已,何事果來相謝。」   太宗親臨喪   公疾亟,太宗幸其第宅,因屏人而語。明日降手詔曰:「觀卿形,甚憂悶。昨語深慰,昨坐久何似,但得眠即無苦,以卿有古人之風,今送被二張,勿辭也。」太宗又幸其第,公命加朝服,拖紳以見,太宗撫之,流涕問所欲言,公對曰:「嫠不恤緯而憂宗周之亡。」乃拜其子叔玉為朝散大夫,並賜牙,仍遣左屯衛中郎將李安儼夜,宿公第,動止輒奏。皇太子亦再幸其第,對之流涕。公薨夜,太宗夢公若平生及朝而奏之,太宗趨臨,赴哭之甚慟,廢朝五日;皇太子亦於西華堂舉哀,悲不自勝,諸王及文武百官、諸州計吏,九品以上皆赴喪所。詔贈司空,相衛黎魏洛刑貝七州諸軍事,相州刺史,諡曰文貞。給羽葆鼓吹班劍四十人,賻絹布千段,米粟千石,陪葬昭陵。因車載柩,無文采之飾,申其宿志也。   太宗幸苑西樓觀葬   公葬日,敕京官文武九品以上及計吏,並送至開遠門外。太宗幸苑西樓望哭,盡哀,令晉王宣敕祭之。太宗因望送作詩曰:「閶闔總金鞍,上林移玉輦。野郊愴新別,河橋非舊餞。慘日映峰沈,愁雲隨蓋轉。哀笳時斷續,悲旌乍舒卷。望望情何極,浪浪淚空泫。無復昔時人,芳春共誰遣。」御撰碑文及輓歌辭,仍親為書。太宗思之不已,遂登凌煙閣,觀其畫,又賦七言詩送靈座焉,其辭曰:「勁筱逢霜摧美質,台星失位夭良臣。唯當掩泣雲台上,空對於形無復人。」   太宗臨朝詔群臣   太宗嘗臨朝,謂侍臣曰:「夫以銅為鏡,可以正衣冠;以古為鏡,可以知興替;以人為鏡,可以明得失。朕常保此三鏡,以防已過。今魏徵殂逝,遂亡一鏡矣。徵亡,朕遣人至宅,就求其書,得遺表一紙,始立稿,草字皆難識,唯有數行乃稍可分辨,云:『天下之事,有善惡。任善人則國安,用惡人則國亂。公卿之內,情有愛憎。憎者唯見其惡,愛者唯見其善,愛憎之間,宜詳審。若愛而知惡,憎而知善,去邪勿疑,任賢勿貳,可以興化矣。』其遺表如此,何必在多。在朕思之,恐不免。斯事書於笏,知而即諫也。」 End of Project Gutenberg's Wei Cheng Kung Chien Lu, by Fangching Wang *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEI CHENG KUNG CHIEN LU *** ***** This file should be named 25161-0.txt or 25161-0.zip ***** This and all 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